Ecotourism: The Need of the Hour
With people having more resources, access to social media, and modes of transportation, travelling has become one of the most frequently done activities. This trend has especially picked up post pandemic, as more places began to open for receiving tourists. However, soon many top tourist destinations in the world were burdened with overtourism. The term overtourism means when an excessive amount of tourists visit a place in a given time that leads to congestion and overcrowding. It also poses negative effects on the environment.
We live in a time driven by social media which is inundated with travel reels and shorts. As humans, we tend to feel FOMO (fear of missing out), the urge and need to cover the “top 30 places before turning 30” grows stronger. But, in the process of doing it ALL, travelling started to create more carbon footprints, leading to global warming. The pollution generated by the tourism industry started altering many natural attractions that once thrived in a pristine environment.
So, in efforts to counteract the negative impacts of irresponsible tourism, ecotourism was introduced in the 1980s. The term “ecotourism” was coined by Mexican environmentalist and architect Héctor Ceballos-Lascurain. Let’s explore what ecotourism is all about and why it is important.
What is Ecotourism?
The International Ecotourism Society (TIES), defined eco tourism as:
“Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education” (TIES, 2015)
In other words,
Ecotourism is a travel practice that involves touring to places without disturbing its natural environment and ecosystem.
It also includes being sensitive to local cultural practices while looking for ways to create opportunities for social and economic upliftment of local communities.
Ecotourism also promotes responsible travel, conservation of flora and fauna, and environment protection.
Unlike conventional tourism, ecotourism can be done in all seasons (but mostly in shoulder/off-season). This way the cash flow from tourism is distributed equally throughout the season rather than getting concentrated in one season.
Why is Eco Tourism Important?
According to United Nation World Tourism, “CO2 emissions from tourism are forecasted to increase by 25% by 2030 from 2016 levels”. To cut down carbon emissions, the tourism industry, travellers, NGOs, local governments, and authorities all have to take collective action and responsibility to reduce carbon emissions and ecological footprint. This is where ecotourism can play an important role in shifting the gears and sustaining the environment and communities.
To explore the benefits of ecotourism here is a comparison table between aspects of traditional tourism and ecotourism:
Traditional Tourism VS Ecotourism
Aspect : Impact on environment
Traditional Tourism : Causes damages to the environment by pollution and habitat destruction.
Ecotourism : Protects environment with minimal to no impact on natural habitats
Aspect : Objective
Traditional Tourism : Maximum generation of profit for personal gains.
Ecotourism : Prioritises the well-being of communities & protection of the environment.
Aspect : Waste Generation
Traditional Tourism : It generates large amounts of trash that can harm biodiversity of an area.
Ecotourism : Reduces garbage generation, promotes recycling, and use of eco-friendly materials.
Aspect : Pollution
Traditional Tourism : Causes land, air and water pollution in tourist areas, affecting the lives of locals.
Ecotourism : Encourages use of eco-friendly travel that cuts down on pollution.
Aspect : Carbon Emissions
Traditional Tourism : High carbon emission due to extensive air travel, cruises, and car rentals.
Ecotourism : Supports carbon-neutral options. Encourages travelers to reduce their carbon footprints.
Aspect : Resource Consumption
Traditional Tourism : Consumes large amounts of water, electricity, and food which can strain local supplies.
Ecotourism : Promotes responsible use of resources. Emphasises on renewable energy and water conservation practices.
Aspect : Infrastructure Development
Traditional Tourism : Design and construction of large resorts, theme parks, and hotels can disrupt the environment.
Ecotourism : Uses sustainable infrastructure that blends with the environment.
Aspect : Lodging
Traditional Tourism : Luxury resorts and hotel stays that negatively affect the environment.
Ecotourism : Priorities homestays and shared living
Aspect : Tourist Experience
Traditional Tourism : The tourist experience is focused on entertainment and leisure with zero regard for the environment.
Ecotourism : Provides educational and cultural experiences by informing about local ecosystems, communities, practices etc.
Why is Sikkim an Ideal State for Ecotourism?
Sikkim is the first 100% organic state in India. It has banned the use of plastic, styrofoam, and use of harmful chemicals in agriculture. This move was undertaken to preserve the fragile ecosystem and protect its local environment. When you travel in Sikkim as a tourist, the signs of sustainable tourism are quite evident. From local people to NGOs and government—all stakeholders and bodies are active in reducing the harmful impacts of tourism. In 2022, Sikkim also took an initiative and put a ban on the use, manufacture, import and sale of plastic water bottles of capacity 2 litres.
If you want to travel responsibly and are looking for an Indian state for ecotourism, pick Sikkim as your first destination. This tiny Himalayan state provides a conducive environment and a setting for travellers who want to adopt ecotourism practices.
The topography of Sikkim has everything that a nature and adventure lover would like to have. It has glaciers, serene lakes, snow capped peaks, stunning landscapes, woodlands streams, and beautiful flora and fauna. Here are some of the best places to visit in Sikkim for an ecotourism travel experience.
Best Places for Eco Tourism in Sikkim
The best places to visit in Sikkim for eco tourism are as follows:
1. Khangchendzonga National Park
The world’s third highest mountain, Khangchendzonga National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage site. It is also one of the best places to visit in Sikkim for an ecotourism experience. The biodiversity at Khangchendzonga National Park is beautiful and carefully preserved. Stay close with nature by trekking and hiking in this park. If you are lucky, you may spot snow leopard, Himalayan tahr and musk deer.
2. Yuksom
Yuksom is the gateway to Khangchendzonga National Park. You will find the beginning point of many famous treks in Sikkim in Yuksom. This quaint and charming village is deeply embedded in its cultural and spiritual practices. Travellers can get a first-hand experience of local and cultural customs in Youkso. If you are going to trek in Yuksom, do not miss the most famous Dzongri-Goechala trek.
3. Tashiding
Tashinding is a small village in the hilltop of Sikkim’s Pelling district. You can trek or camp around the Rathong and Rangit river, but remember do not litter and use a reusable waterbottle. The most famous attraction for a cultural experience is Tashiding monastery that was built during the 17th Century. You can also go for nature walks in fruit orchards and cardamom plantations around Tashiding.
4. Kewzing Village
Kewzing village borders the majestic Kangchenjunga range. It is located 10 km south west of Ravangla. Here you can enjoy home stays and learn about the life of the Bhutia and Lepcha communities.
What Activities You Can Do on an Eco Tour To Sikkim?
Trekking: Sikkim has many designated natural and man-made trekking trails. Ranging from the easiest to most difficult, you can choose a trail based on your experience, stamina, and endurance. The easiest trek is Maenam trekking trail while one of the challenging ones is the Green lake trek.
Bird Watching: Sikkim is home to over 550 bird species. It includes 19 species that are endemic to the region. It means, bird watching and learning about their habitat is one of the activities you can do in Sikkim.
Cultural Experiences: When in Sikkim attend monasteries festival and watch cham performances. You can also choose to stay at a homestay. All of this contributes to your cultural experiences in Sikkim.
Visit to Organic Farms: As mentioned above, Sikkim is a 100% organic state. Hence a visit to its farms is a must. You’ll learn how traditional farming methods sustain the land without harming it. Plus, you get to taste some of the freshest produce straight from farm to table!
Remember, tourism is a double-edged sword. While it helps boost local economies and bring in cash flow, it can also negatively impact the environment and put a strain on natural resources. It can also disrupt local cultures, hence ecotourism is needed more than ever.
When you visit a state like Sikkim, it is crucial to pay respects to nature and local communities rather than perceiving them with a biased gaze. Next time, if you plan a vacation or a Sikkim tour from your city, go like an eco-traveller.
