Submerged arc welding is the main production process for welded steel pipes (SSAW pipes and LSAW pipes). Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is a widely used welding process with several advantages that make it suitable for various applications. Some of the key advantages of the submerged arc welding process include:

1. High Productivity: SAW is known for its high welding speed, which translates to increased productivity. The process involves a continuous wire feed and constant arc length, allowing for efficient welding of long seams in a short amount of time.

2. Deep Penetration: Submerged arc welding can achieve deep weld penetration, making it particularly suitable for welding thick materials in a single pass. The process's high heat input and stable arc create strong weld joints with excellent fusion characteristics.

3. Automatic Operation: SAW is highly amenable to automation. It is commonly used in mechanized or fully automated welding systems, reducing the need for manual labor and ensuring consistent and high-quality welds.

4. Low Fume and Spatter: Since the arc is completely covered by a layer of flux, SAW produces minimal fumes and spatter compared to some other welding processes. This feature not only makes it safer for the welders but also reduces the need for post-weld cleaning.

5. Excellent Weld Quality: Submerged arc welding consistently produces high-quality welds with good mechanical properties. The process's controlled environment and constant arc length help minimize defects and ensure uniform welds.

6. Versatility: SAW can be used to weld various materials, including carbon steel, low-alloy steel, stainless steel, and some non-ferrous metals. It is commonly employed in the fabrication of pressure vessels, pipes, structural components, and other heavy-duty applications.

7. High Deposition Rates: SAW can deposit large amounts of filler metal in a short period, making it ideal for welding thick sections or building up welds on components that require additional material.

8. Less Operator Skill Required: While manual SAW is possible, it is often used in mechanized or automated systems. This reduces the reliance on the operator's skill and allows for consistent weld quality regardless of the welder's experience.

9. Stable Arc: The submerged arc welding process offers a stable arc throughout the welding operation, minimizing the likelihood of arc interruptions or other disturbances that could affect the weld quality.

10. Cost-Effectiveness: Due to its high productivity and relatively low consumable costs (e.g., flux and wire), SAW can be a cost-effective welding process for large-scale production and long seam welding applications.

However, it's essential to note that while SAW offers numerous advantages, it may not be suitable for all welding scenarios. Factors such as material thickness, joint configuration, and specific project requirements should be considered when selecting the appropriate welding process.