The term "alternative mode of dispute resolution" (alternative ADR) refers to methods and processes used to resolve disputes outside of the traditional court-based litigation system. These alternative modes are designed to provide parties with options for resolving their conflicts more efficiently, cost-effectively, and collaboratively. Common alternative modes of dispute resolution include:

Arbitration:

Arbitration is a process in which a neutral third party (the arbitrator or panel of arbitrators) renders a binding decision on the dispute after considering evidence and arguments presented by the parties. It is often used in commercial and contractual disputes.

Mediation:

Mediation involves a neutral third party (the mediator) who facilitates communication and negotiation between the parties to help them reach a mutually agreeable resolution. Mediation is a voluntary and non-binding process that emphasizes cooperation.

Conciliation:

Conciliation is similar to mediation but may involve a more active role by the conciliator in proposing solutions and facilitating negotiations.

Negotiation:

Negotiation is the process in which parties involved in a dispute communicate directly with each other to reach a settlement. It is often the most informal and flexible form of ADR.

Online Dispute Resolution (ODR): ODR refers to the use of technology, typically the internet, to resolve disputes. It may involve online platforms, video conferencing, or other digital tools to facilitate communication and decision-making.

Lok Adalats:

Lok Adalats, or People's Courts, are special alternative dispute resolution forums in India that primarily focus on resolving disputes through conciliation and mediation. They often handle matters related to public and community issues.

Fast Track Courts:

Some jurisdictions have established Fast Track Courts to expedite the resolution of specific types of disputes, such as commercial cases or cases involving vulnerable populations.

Community Mediation:

In some communities, grassroots organizations or local authorities operate community mediation programs to address neighborhood disputes, family conflicts, and other community-level issues.

Adjudicatory Tribunals:

Adjudicatory tribunals are specialized bodies that resolve disputes in specific areas of law, such as labor disputes, intellectual property disputes, or administrative matters.

Statutory Tribunals:

Statutory tribunals are established under specific laws to handle disputes related to consumer protection, environmental regulations, tax matters, and more.

Court-Annexed ADR:

Some courts have implemented court-annexed alternative dispute resolution programs that encourage parties to explore alternative dispute resolution methods, such as mediation or arbitration, before proceeding to trial.

The choice of which alternative mode of dispute resolution to use often depends on factors such as the nature of the dispute, the preferences of the parties, the legal framework governing the dispute, and the desired outcomes. These alternative modes of dispute resolution aim to provide parties with options that are more tailored, efficient, and collaborative compared to traditional litigation.

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